Anionic emulsions and emulsions come in different grades with different breaking properties. Fast setting emulsions are used for surface treatment, while medium or slow setting emulsions are used for "mixes" that are mixed with aggregates either in concrete mixers or on site. Fast setting emulsions are not used for mixes because they would set during the mixing process and clog the mixer. Generally speaking, when making mixes, the finer the aggregate used, the slower the emulsion must set. Therefore, stone mixes require medium setting emulsions and sand mixes require a slow breaking emulsion. With anionic emulsions, the breaking process occurs predominantly by evaporation of the water in the continuous emulsion phase. For this reason, anionic emulsions are sensitive to temperature and humidity in terms of their breaking properties.
An anionic emulsion has a negative charge. Most things in the world are anionic. Therefore, in the industrial coatings industry, the majority of R&D, formulations and laboratory testing has been done to produce coatings from anionic systems. When an anionic emulsion is mixed with a cationic emulsion, a strong bond is formed and the result is the conversion of the substance into a solid. This result is not ideal for use as a coating because it cannot be applied to substrates.
The SS-1 anionic bitumen emulsion is a slow setting, anionic type and is also characterized by its ability to remain stable in storage despite being produced using equipment that generates a wide range of shear forces. These properties are imparted to the asphalt emulsions by the use of emulsion conditioning compositions comprising a partially desulfonated lignosulfonate, preferably an anionic or nonionic emulsifier and optionally a thickener.
When using the anionic bitumen emulsion SS-1, there are two phases of water and bitumen that are immiscible, with the first intermediate phase being inside the outer phase. The particle size of the emulsion is 0.1 to 5 microns. Under normal conditions and without an emulsifier, the two parts of the emulsion SS1 are unstable and separate quickly. By adding an emulsifier to water and bitumen, i.e. the alkaline salt with ammonium salt, in a high-speed mixer under ISO conditions, bitumen SS1 is produced.
The emulsifier content is 3-5% and the total water content is between 30-50%. By adding an emulsifier to bitumen and water, we give the material anionic electrons and each bitumen particle becomes a circle with a size of 0.001-0.01 mm and starts floating in the water. The use of SS1 bitumen is environmentally friendly because it does not use any combustible material or kerosene and the bitumen does not ignite during use.
This type of anionic bitumen adheres better to building materials that contain lime.
