Bitumen emulsions get their name from the way they are manufactured. This type of bitumen is a chemical compound of bitumen and water.
They were developed in industry to avoid the environmental damage caused by diluted bitumen. Water is a reliable alternative to organic solvents for diluting bitumen sufficiently for special applications.
Emulsion bitumen is well suited for sealing, spraying and for bonding layers between asphalt layers.
Cutback bitumen
Diluted bitumen is prepared by diluting bitumen with a suitable volatile petroleum product such as coal tar, naphtha, gasoline, creosote oil, etc. Incorporation of such products results in a reduction in the viscosity of the bitumen. After application of diluted bitumen, the solvent evaporates while the bitumen remains to combine with the aggregates. Based on the application of different solvents, diluted bitumen is classified into fast curing, medium curing and slow curing bitumen.
Industrial bitumen
Industrial bitumen is a dark petroleum residue that has been altered by oxidation. Its consistency ranges from highly viscous to solid. Industrial bitumen is a safe and cost-effective material that can be used in many different ways in industry and has a wide range of applications. It is waterproof, plastic, adhesive and resistant to acids and bases. It is also an efficient electrical insulator because it has excellent dielectric strength.
Oxidized Bitumen
Oxidized bitumen is obtained in the refinery by blowing hot air into the penetration bitumen. The oxidized bitumen obtained from this process is chemically stable and has high durability. It is also impermeable to water and is suitable for insulation.
Oxidized bitumen has a lower penetration rate and a higher softening point compared to pure bitumen. Moreover, it is classified based on these two properties.
The applications of oxidized bitumen include waterproofing in dam construction projects, buildings, etc. Besides, it is applicable in road construction in combination with other types of bitumen. In other industries, especially in the oil and gas industry, it is used to cover pipelines to prevent corrosion.
Asphalt
Asphalt is a mixture of fine and coarse aggregates (such as sand and filler) and a bituminous binder. It usually contains between 4% and 7% bitumen. Asphalt is mainly used to build roads and its properties depend on the type, size and amount of aggregates used in the mix. All of these things can be changed to give the asphalt the right properties for the job at hand.
Viscosity Graded Bitumen
Viscosity graded bitumen is classified based on its viscosity after bitumen production in the refinery. This classification is almost newer than penetration classification. The highest consumption of this bitumen is in India.
Viscosity graded bitumen comes in four different grades namely VG 10, VG20, VG30 and VG 40. They have different applications.
The reason for using viscosity grading instead of penetration is the change in viscosity of bitumen at high temperatures.
Bitumen Penetration
The refined bitumen used in the different penetration grades has different viscosities. Penetration bitumen, sometimes also called mineral oil bitumen, is a semi-hard, black substance. The hardness of the bitumen is measured by a penetration test, so the term "penetration bitumen" accurately describes its function. Penetration grade bitumen is often used as road construction bitumen. Because it binds the particles and gives the bitumen mixture its special cohesion and durability, bitumen is required for road construction and the production of asphalt pavements with exceptional properties.
Liquid Bitumen
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